Translation of Participles in Context
Translation of Participles in Context|
1 Form |
2 Rough Translation |
3 - Agreement No > Substantive |
4 - Position Attrib. > Adjective |
Predicate > Circumstantial |
Predicate > Periphrastic (Supplementary) |
No Definite Article > Special |
Tense and Voice will help you determine initial, rough translation
Establish, initial, rough translation (a rough guide to English equivalents apart from context using ἀκούω)
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ACTIVE & DEPONENT |
TRUE MIDDLE (rare) |
PASSIVE |
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PRESENT |
hearing |
hearing onself |
being heard |
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FUTURE |
being about to hear |
being about to hear oneself |
being about to be heard |
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AOR/PERF |
having heard |
having heard oneself |
having been heard |
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QUALITY OF ACTION |
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RELATIVE TIME |
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PRESENT |
linear -----> |
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action same time relative
to main verb |
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FUTURE |
linear -----> |
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action in future relative
to main verb |
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AORIST |
simple/punctiliar [ • ] |
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action prior to that of
main verb* |
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PERFECT |
completed -----> | ------- |
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action prior to that of main verb |
*Note that often when both the main verb and the participle are Aorist, that the participle can indicate action simultaneous with the verb. (See under Circumstantial function, Attendant/Coordinating.)
ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν... >> And Jesus, answering, said... or And Jesus answered and said...
You should now have an analysis of the form and a rough translation. (Your rough translation will henceforth be designated as PTCP.) Now proceed to:
This web flow chart produced by Mark Vitalis Hoffman
at LTSG with aid of materials from Jim Boyce
at LTS